Tile structure and tile therefor.



H. B. NAYLOR.

TILE STRUCTURE AND TILE THEREFOR.

APPLICATION FI LED MAR. 31

Patented Apr. 2, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

s E s S E N H w H. B. NAYLOR.

TILE STRUCTURE AND TILE THEREFOR.

APPLICATION FILED rams]. l9l5.

1 ,26 1 ,42 6 Patented Apr. 2, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1 citizen of the United States,

UNITED sTA'rEs PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY B. NAYLOR, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING- COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH. PENNSYLVANIA, A. CORPORATION OF PENN SYLVANIA.

TILE STRUCTURE AND TILE THEREFOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 2, 1918.

Application filed March 31, 1915 Serial No. 18,258.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY B. NAYLR, a residing at 'l i tts burglg ifithe county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Tile Structures and Tiles Therefor, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of .this specification, in which Figure 1 is a transverse section of a sewer constructed in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is {view 'partly in side elevation and partly in vertical. section, the section being on the line II-II of Fig. 1;

ig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the lower part of the structure showing a modified form of tile;

"Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of thetiles of Fig Fig. 5 is'airagmentary end view show- ...ing the jointbetween two adjacent tiles of Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 6 is an end view of one of the tiles of Figs. 1 and 2; and

Fig. 7 is a. view partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section of two adjacent tiles of the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

My invention has relation to hollow tile structures, and more particularly to sewers and other conduits of elliptical or ovoidal form in cross section.

The object of my invention is to provide a structure of this character which will possess a maximum strength, in which the joints are well bonded, and which can be readily and rapidly built. A further object of the invention is to provide a terracotta tile, especially adapted to structures of this type.

The nature of my invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which I have shown the preferred embodiment thereof and which will now be described, it being premised, however, that variouschanges may be made in the details of construction and arrangement of the parts, without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention as defined in the appended claims.

Referring first to the form of tile shown the, structure is composed, and which is cells 7. The outer wall 2 of each tile is of convex form, while the'inner wall 5 is of concave form, the radii of curvature of these two walls being different at different parts of the structure. The side wall 8is of reentrant angular form, while the opposite side wall 4 is of convex angular form, being adapted to fit within the reentrant recess side 3 of an adjacent tile. The inner wall 5 is of a total thickness considerably greater than that of the outer wall 2, but is formed of a plurality of small cells 8, which are separated from each other by the webs 9. Both the large cells 7 and the small cells 8 extend longitudinally through the tile from end to end.

The side 3 of each tile is also formed with alongitudinal projection 10, which forms anextension of a portion of the inner wall 5 a nd the opposite side 4 has an undercut projection 11 of corresponding form, so that when the tiles are in place, be formed at each of these projections as Well as at the rentrant recess side. One end of each tile has a curved recess 12, and at the opposite end has a corresponding projection 13, adapted to seat in the recess of the adjacent tile. Preferably, .the cells 8 are so placed that a portion of each cell is in the projection 13 and recess 12.

In building up the structure, it is formed entirely of tiles of the above description, except at its extreme. lower portion. This requires the use of a central base tile 14, which is also of hollow form with a flat base 15, large internal longitudinal cells 16 and a plurality of longitudinal cells 17, similar to the cells 8. The inner wall 18 of this tile has its ends constructed similarly to the ends of the tiles first described, but has an edge projection 19 at each edge. Placed at either side of the tile 14 are two specially convex angular form, as shown, correspondan overlap will I ing to the convex sideof the adjacent body tile; and'the other has a concave upper face,-

' corresponding to the adjacent convex face of the adjacent body tile. It also has a recess 11*, to receive the. projection 10 of the adjacent body tile, and at. the opposite side a projection 27, to fit in the recess 28 of 'the'tile 20. Adjacent tiles are separated and support this arch. Strains exerted upon the structure in any direction instead of tending to separate the tiles and open the joints between them act to.close these joints.

The intervening projections 10 and recesses 11, especially when combined with; the intervening faces of thetiles give /a/very strong keying action. The side contour of the tiles also results in a more or less irregular non-radial joint, well adapted to resist leakage. The provision of the projections 13 and the undercuts 12 in connection with the plurality of small longitudinal cells 8 is also a feature of importance. Tn

building up the structure, after one course of tiles has been laid, the ends of the tiles are covered with cement or mortar before the end-abutting tiles of the next course are put in place. In other generally similar structures with which I am familiar, when the next course. of tiles are pushed endwise into .place, a very considerable portion of the cement-or mortar will be crowded upwardly and outwardly into the ends of the large cells, and there will not be a-pr'op'er amount of mortar left at this point. By providing the plurality of small cells 8, with their in tervening webs 9, these webs will act to out the mortar at this point, so that instead of it being crowded bodily outward, small portions thereof will be forced into the ends of the adjacent small cells 8 in the manner shown at 13 in Fig. 7 This insures a proper and wellebonded mortar joint, adjacentthe inner surface of the conduit and retains the mortar in position.

. The modification shown in Figs. 3 and 4: is intended for large conduit structures having a greater wall thickness. The general construction and arrangement is the same as that described, except that the body tiles 30 are made of greater radial thickness and instead of having two large longitudinal cells are shown as having six of these cells, I

menses designated31, and separated by the internal webs 32. The special tiles 14 20 and 2 k at the bottom of the structure correspond, respectively, to special tiles 14, 20 and 24 of Fig. l and are, in general of similar form to the latter, but are oflarger dimeg sions and have a greater number'of internal large" cells. The central tile 1 L is providedwith a concave or trough-shaped inner surface 1r. Therecess formed by this trough extendsfbeyond the radius of the inner curved wall of the interior of the. structure, and forms a sub-conduit, which will collect and form a flow channel'for the liquid in the conduit when such liquid is present insmall volume. This insures a constant and regular now of the sewerage or other liquid, notwithstanding a very small volume thereof, and, p'fevents the collection and stagnation which, occurs when it is distributed to] a greate or less extent 'overthe bottom of the conduit, as in the usual construction;- .gThe

,exact form and arrangement of these cells.

may be considerably varied from that shown. 5

In general, the arrangement of the interior webbing is such as tomake' all the cells of substantially uniform thickness, the purpose of this being to facilitate the manufacture.

My invention provides means whereby sewers and other similarconduits of elliptical orovoidal'cross section and of great strength and durability may be constructed from terracotta tiles.

- I claim:

A hollow tile having inner and outer,

angular reentrant sidewall and -at'the other edge by an angular convex side wall, there being a plurality of comparatively large "openings between said walls and aplurality of comparatively small longitudinal openingseXtending through the inner wall, the one end of the tile having a convex project- .in portion, and a straight'portion at each si e of the convex portion, the other end having a concave recess and a straight portion at each side of therecess, the small openings passing through one of the straight portions and the recessed'portion at one end, and one of-the straight portions and the projecting portion at the other end; substantially as described. t

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set 

